C++ Console I/O functions

C++ language provides us console input/output functions. As the name says, the console input/output functions allow us to -

Read the input from the keyboard, entered by the user at the console.
Display the output to the user at the console.

Note :

any primitive data type

There are two kinds of console input/output functions :

No.	Functions
1	*Formatted input/output functions.*
2	*Unformatted input/output functions.*

Formatted input/output functions

formatted input/output functions

Functions	Description
width(int width)	Using this function, we can specify the width of a value to be displayed in the output at the console.
fill(char ch)	Using this function, we can fill the unused white spaces in a value(to be printed at the console), with a character of our choice.
setf(arg1, arg2)	Using this function, we can set the flags, which allow us to display a value in a particular format.
unsetf(char ch)	Using this function, we could clear the flag specified fixed by the function setf().
precision(int num_of_digts)	Using this function, we can specify the number of digits(num_of_digits) to the right of decimal, to be printed in the output.

read the input

cin

istream

write the output

cout

ostream

cin

cout

Unformatted input/output functions

Unformatted console input/output functions are used for performing input/output operations at console and the resulting data is left unformatted and untransformed i.e. it is left in its raw and original form.

In C++, we can read the input entered by a user at console using an object cin of istream class and through this object we can access the functions of istream class, such as - get(char *), get(void) and getline().

In C++, we can write the output at console using an object cout of ostream class and through this object we can access the functions of ostream class, such as - put(), write().

Functions	Description
*get(char )**	Reads a single character from the user at the console and assigns it to the char array in its argument, but needs an Enter key to be pressed at the end..
get()	Reads a single character from the user at the console, and returns it.
*getline(char arr, int size)**	Reads a line of characters, entered by the user at the console which ends with a newline character or until the size of .
put(char ch)	Writes a single character at the console.
*write(char arr, int num)**	Writes a number of characters in a char array to the console.